Flashrom: Difference between revisions

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'''flashrom''' is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips. It's often used to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware images.
{{DISPLAYTITLE:flashrom}}<!-- it is called flashrom after all. -->
<table width="100%" valign="top"><tr valign="top"><td width="80%">


* Supports more than 160 flash chips, 75 chipsets, 100 mainboards, and 10 PCI devices which can be used as external programmers.
<div style="margin-top:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; background-color:#eeeeee; align:right; border:1px solid #aabbcc;">
* Supports parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI flash interfaces and various chip packages (DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40 and more)
'''flashrom''' is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips. It is designed to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware/optionROM images on mainboards, network/graphics/storage controller cards, and various other programmer devices.
* No physical access needed, root access is sufficient.
<small>
* Supports more than 476 flash chips, 291 chipsets, 500 mainboards, 79 PCI devices, 17 USB devices and various parallel/serial port-based programmers.
* Supports [[Technology#Communication_bus_protocol|parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI]] flash interfaces and various chip packages ([[Technology#DIP32:_Dual_In-line_Package.2C_32_pins|DIP32]], [[Technology#PLCC32:_Plastic_Leaded_Chip_Carrier.2C_32_pins|PLCC32]], [[Technology#DIP8:_Dual_In-line_Package.2C_8_pins|DIP8]], [[Technology#SO8.2FSOIC8:_Small-Outline_Integrated_Circuit.2C_8_pins|SO8/SOIC8]], [[Technology#TSOP:_Thin_Small-Outline_Package.2C_32.2C_40.2C_or_48_pins|TSOP32, TSOP40, TSOP48]], [[Technology#BGA:_Ball_Grid_Array|BGA]] and more)
* No physical access needed, root access is sufficient (not needed for some programmers).
* No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed.
* No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed.
* No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH.
* No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH.
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* '''Scriptability'''. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes.
* '''Scriptability'''. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes.
* '''Speed'''. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools.
* '''Speed'''. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools.
* '''Portability'''. Supports Linux, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes.
* '''Portability'''. Supports DOS, Linux, FreeBSD (including Debian/kFreeBSD), NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFlyBSD, anything Solaris-like, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes as well as GNU Hurd. Partial Windows support is available (no internal programmer support at the moment, hence no "BIOS flashing").
</small>
</div>


<div style="margin-top:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; background-color:#ff6666; align:right; border:1px solid #000000;">
=== Emergency help ===


= Supported devices =
'''IMPORTANT:''' If something went wrong during flashing, do '''NOT''' turn off/reboot your computer. Instead, let us help you recover. We can be contacted via [[Contact#IRC|IRC]] ('''#flashrom''' on [irc://irc.libera.chat/#flashrom libera.chat], [https://web.libera.chat/#flashrom webchat]) or [[Contact#Mailing_List|email]]. Please allow for a few hours until someone responds on IRC, we're all volunteers.
</div>


== Supported chips ==
{| cellspacing=5 cellpadding=15 border=0 valign="top" width=100%
 
| width=50% style="vertical-align:top"|
Total amount of supported chips: '''172'''
 
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
 
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Flash part
! align="left" colspan="4" | Status
 
|- bgcolor="#6699ff"
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| Probe
| Read
| Write
| Erase
 
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29F002(N)BB || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29F002(N)BT || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29F016D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29F040B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29F080B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29LV040B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| AMD || Am29LV081B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASD || AE49F2008 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF021 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF041A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF081 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF161 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF321 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF321A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25DF641 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25F512B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25FS010 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT25FS040 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT26DF041 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT26DF081A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT26DF161 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT26DF161A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT26F004 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT29C512 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT29C010A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT29C020 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT29C040A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45CS1282 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB011D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB021D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB041D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB081D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB161D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB321C || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB321D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT45DB642D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT49BV512 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT49F002(N) || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Atmel || AT49F002(N)T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMIC || A25L40P || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMIC || A29002B || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMIC || A29002T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMIC || A29040B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMIC || A49LF040A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| EMST || F49B002UA || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| EON || EN29F002(A)(N)B || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| EON || EN29F002(A)(N)T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Fujitsu || MBM29F004BC || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Fujitsu || MBM29F004TC || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Fujitsu || MBM29F400BC || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Fujitsu || MBM29F400TC || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel || 28F001BX-B || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel || 28F001BX-T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel || 82802AB || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel || 82802AC || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L512 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L1005 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L2005 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L4005 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}


{|
|style="vertical-align:top"|
X
|style="vertical-align:top"|
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:150%">About</span>'''<br /><small>Find out more about flashrom.</small><small><hr />[[News]] | [[Press]] | [[Testimonials]] | [[History]] | [[Friendliness]] | Follow us on [https://twitter.com/flashrom_org Twitter] | [https://www.openhub.net/p/flashrom Open Hub] statistics</small>
|}
|}


| valign="top"|
|style="vertical-align:top"|
 
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Flash part
! align="left" colspan="4" | Status
 
|- bgcolor="#6699ff"
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| Probe
| Read
| Write
| Erase
 
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L8005 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L1605 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L1635D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L3205 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L3235D || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L6405 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX25L12805 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX29F002B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX29F002T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Macronix || MX29LV040C || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Numonyx || M25PE10 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Numonyx || M25PE20 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Numonyx || M25PE40 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Numonyx || M25PE80 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Numonyx || M25PE16 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV010 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV016B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV020 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV040 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV080B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm25LV512 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm39LV010 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm49FL002 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| PMC || Pm49FL004 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sharp || LHF00L04 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Spansion || S25FL016A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF016B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF032B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF040B || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF040.REMS || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF040B.REMS || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST25VF080B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST28SF040A || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST29EE010 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST29LE010 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST29EE020A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST29LE020 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39SF010A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39SF020A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39SF040 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39VF512 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39VF010 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39VF020 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39VF040 || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST39VF080 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF002A/B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF003A/B || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF004A/B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF004C || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF008A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF008C || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF016C || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF020 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF020A || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF040 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF040B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF080A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SST || SST49LF160C || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}


{|
|style="vertical-align:top"|
X
|style="vertical-align:top"|
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:150%">Developers</span>'''<br /><small>Get involved! Help us make flashrom better.</small><small><hr />[[Development Guidelines]] | [https://review.coreboot.org/plugins/gitiles/flashrom/+/refs/heads/master Browse Source] | [https://review.coreboot.org/#/q/project:flashrom Pending patches] | [[Technology]] | [[Random notes]] | [[Easy projects]] | [[Board Testing HOWTO]] | [[Board Enable]] | [http://docs.google.com/document/d/18qKvEbfPszjsJJGJhwi8kRVDUG3GZkADzQSH6WFsKqw/ Meeting notes] | [[Windows]] | [[libflashrom]] | [[https://www.flashrom.org/GSoC Google Summer of Code]]</small>
|}
|}


| valign="top"|
|-
 
| width=50% style="vertical-align:top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Flash part
! align="left" colspan="4" | Status
 
|- bgcolor="#6699ff"
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| Probe
| Read
| Write
| Erase
 
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P05-A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P10-A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P20 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P40 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P40-old || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P80 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P16 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P32 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P64 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M25P128 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29F002B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29F002T/NT || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29F040B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29F400BT || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29W010B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M29W040B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FLW040A || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FLW040B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FLW080A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FLW080B || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FW002 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FW016 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FW040 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50FW080 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ST || M50LPW116 || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SyncMOS || S29C31004T || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SyncMOS || S29C51001T || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SyncMOS || S29C51002T || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| SyncMOS || S29C51004T || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| TI || TMS29F002RB || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| TI || TMS29F002RT || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}} || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W25x10 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W25x20 || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W25x40 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W25x80 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W29C011 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W29C020C || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W29C040P || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W29EE011 || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V040A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V040B || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V040C || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V040FA || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V080A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W49F002U || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W49V002A || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W49V002FA || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V080FA || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}} || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Winbond || W39V080FA (dual mode) || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}} || {{?}}
 
|}


{|
|style="vertical-align:top"|
X
|style="vertical-align:top"|
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:150%">Getting Started</span>'''<br /><small>Download flashrom and get started.</small><small><hr />[[Latest release]] | [[Supported hardware]] | [[Downloads]] | [[Documentation]] | [[Live CD]] | [[qflashrom]]</small>
|}
|}


== Supported chipsets ==
|style="vertical-align:top"|
 
Total amount of supported chipsets: '''76'''
 
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
 
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Southbridge
! align="left" | PCI IDs
! align="left" | Status
 
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ALi || M1533 || 10b9:1533 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || AMD-768 || 1022:7440 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || AMD8111 || 1022:7468 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || CS5530(A) || 1078:0100 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || CS5536 || 1022:2080 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || Elan SC520 || 1022:3000 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || SB600 || 1002:438d || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || SB700 || 1002:439d || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| AMD || SC1100 || 100b:0510 || ?
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ATI || SB400 || 1002:4377 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Broadcom || HT-1000 || 1166:0205 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || 440MX || 8086:7198 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || 6300ESB || 8086:25a1 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || 631xESB/632xESB/3100 || 8086:2670 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || EP80579 || 8086:5031 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH0 || 8086:2420 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH10 || 8086:3a18 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH10D || 8086:3a1a || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH10DO || 8086:3a14 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH10R || 8086:3a16 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH2 || 8086:2440 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH2-M || 8086:244c || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH3-M || 8086:248c || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH3-S || 8086:2480 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH4/ICH4-L || 8086:24c0 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH4-M || 8086:24cc || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH5/ICH5R || 8086:24d0 || {{OK}}


{|
|style="vertical-align:top"|
X
|style="vertical-align:top"|
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:150%">Support</span>'''<br /><small>Learn how to contact us and find help and support.</small><small><hr />[[FAQ]] | [[Contact]]  | [[Donations]] </small>
|}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Southbridge
! align="left" | PCI IDs
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH6/ICH6R || 8086:2640 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH6-M || 8086:2641 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH7DH || 8086:27b0 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH7/ICH7R || 8086:27b8 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH7M || 8086:27b9 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH7MDH || 8086:27bd || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH || 8086:2410 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH8DH || 8086:2812 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH8DO || 8086:2814 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH8/ICH8R || 8086:2810 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH8M || 8086:2815 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH8M-E || 8086:2811 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9 || 8086:2918 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9DH || 8086:2912 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9DO || 8086:2914 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9M || 8086:2919 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9M-E || 8086:2917 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || ICH9R || 8086:2916 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || MPIIX || 8086:1234 || ?
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || PIIX3 || 8086:7000 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || PIIX4/4E/4M || 8086:7110 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Intel || PIIX || 8086:122e || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || CK804 || 10de:0050 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || CK804 || 10de:0051 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || NForce2 || 10de:0060 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || CK804 || 10de:00d3 || {{OK}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Southbridge
! align="left" | PCI IDs
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP51 || 10de:0260 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP51 || 10de:0261 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP51 || 10de:0262 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP51 || 10de:0263 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0360 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0361 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0362 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0363 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0364 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0365 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0366 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP55 || 10de:0367 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| NVIDIA || MCP67 || 10de:0548 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| SiS || SiS5595 || 1039:0008 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| SiS || SiS630 || 1039:0630 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || CX700 || 1106:8324 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT8231 || 1106:8231 || ?
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT8235 || 1106:3177 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT8237 || 1106:3227 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT8237A || 1106:3337 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT8237S || 1106:3372 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT82C586A/B || 1106:0586 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| VIA || VT82C686A/B || 1106:0686 || ?
|}
|}
== Supported mainboards ==
In general, it is very likely that flashrom works out of the box even if your mainboard is not listed below.
This is a list of mainboards where we have verified that they either do or do not need any special initialization to make flashrom work (given flashrom supports the respective chipset and flash chip), or that they do not yet work at all. If they do not work, support may or may not be added later.
Mainboards which don't appear in the list may or may not work (we don't know, someone has to give it a try). Please report any further verified mainboards on the [[Mailinglist|mailing list]].
'''Known good (worked out of the box)'''
Total amount of boards: '''71'''
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Abit ||  [http://www.abit.com.tw/page/en/motherboard/motherboard_detail.php?DEFTITLE=Y&fMTYPE=Socket%20939&pMODEL_NAME=AX8 AX8] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Advantech ||  [http://taiwan.advantech.com.tw/products/Model_Detail.asp?model_id=1-1TGZL8&BU=ACG&PD= PCM-5820] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| ASI ||  [http://www.hojerteknik.com/winnet.htm MB-5BLMP] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  A7N8X Deluxe || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  A7N8X-E Deluxe || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=13&l3=63&l4=0&model=228&modelmenu=1 A7V400-MX] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=13&l3=64&l4=0&model=229&modelmenu=1 A7V8X-MX] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=15&l3=171&l4=0&model=455&modelmenu=2 A8N-E] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.hardwareschotte.de/hardware/preise/proid_1266090/preis_ASUS+A8NE-FM A8NE-FM/S] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  A8N-SLI || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=15&l3=148&l4=0&model=539&modelmenu=1 A8N-SLI Premium] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=15&l3=143&l4=0&model=376&modelmenu=1 A8V-E Deluxe] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=15&l3=143&l4=0&model=576&modelmenu=1 A8V-E SE] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=101&l3=583&l4=0&model=1909&modelmenu=1 M2A-MX] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com.tw/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=101&l3=496&l4=0&model=1568&modelmenu=1 M2A-VM] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com/products.aspx?l1=3&l2=101&l3=308&l4=0&model=1181&modelmenu=1 M2N-E] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  M2V || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.motherboard.cz/mb/asus/P2B.htm P2B] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/slot1/440bx/p2b-d/ P2B-D] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/slot1/440bx/p2b-ds/ P2B-DS] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.motherboard.cz/mb/asus/P2B-F.htm P2B-F] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.motherboard.cz/mb/asus/P2L97-S.htm P2L97-S] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/socket775/P5B-Deluxe/ P5B-Deluxe] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.asus.com/product.aspx?P_ID=iRlP8RG9han6saZx P6T Deluxe V2] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| A-Trend ||  [http://www.motherboard.cz/mb/atrend/atc6220.htm ATC-6220] || {{OK}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| BCOM ||  [http://www.coreboot.org/BCOM_WINNET100_Build_Tutorial WinNET100] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE ||  [http://www.gigabyte.com.tw/Products/Motherboard/Products_Spec.aspx?ClassValue=Motherboard&ProductID=1445&ProductName=GA-6BXC GA-6BXC] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE ||  [http://www.gigabyte.com.tw/Products/Motherboard/Products_Spec.aspx?ProductID=1429 GA-6BXDU] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE ||  [http://www.gigabyte.de/Support/Motherboard/BIOS_Model.aspx?ProductID=3289 GA-6ZMA] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel ||  EP80759 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Jetway ||  J7F4K1G5D-PB || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  MS-6570 (K7N2) || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  MS-7065 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  [http://support.packardbell.co.uk/uk/item/index.php?i=spec_orion&pi=platform_honeymoon_istart MS-7168 (Orion)] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  [http://global.msi.com.tw/index.php?func=prodmbspec&maincat_no=1&cat2_no=&cat3_no=&prod_no=1173#menu MS-7236 (945PL Neo3)] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  MS-7255 (P4M890M) || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| MSI ||  [http://www.msi.com/index.php?func=prodcpusupport&maincat_no=1&cat2_no=170&cat3_no=&prod_no=1261#menu MS-7345 (P35 Neo2-FIR)] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| NEC ||  [http://support.necam.com/mobilesolutions/hardware/Desktops/pm2000/celeron/ PowerMate 2000] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PC Engines ||  [http://pcengines.ch/alix1c.htm Alix.1c] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PC Engines ||  [http://pcengines.ch/alix2c2.htm Alix.2c2] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PC Engines ||  [http://pcengines.ch/alix2c3.htm Alix.2c3] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PC Engines ||  [http://pcengines.ch/alix3c3.htm Alix.3c3] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PC Engines ||  Alix.3d3 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| RCA ||  [http://www.settoplinux.org RM4100] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sun ||  [http://www.sun.com/servers/blades/x6250/ Blade x6250] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Supermicro ||  [http://www.supermicro.com/Aplus/motherboard/Opteron/nforce/H8QC8.cfm H8QC8] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Thomson ||  [http://www.settoplinux.org IP1000] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| T-Online ||  [http://wiki.freifunk-hannover.de/T-Online_S_100 S-100] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=610 iS5375-1U] || {{OK}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/archive/products/html/tsunamiatx.html S1846] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=115 S2881] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=121 S2882] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=127 S2882-D] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  S2891 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  S2892 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  S2895 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=181 S3095] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=456 S5180] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=343 S5191] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=349 S5197] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=591 S5211] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=593 S5211-1U] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=597 S5220] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=566 S5375] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=605 S5376G2NR/S5376WAG2NR] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=601 S5377] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan ||  [http://www.tyan.com/product_board_detail.aspx?pid=560 S5397] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA ||  [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/mainboards/motherboards.jsp?motherboard_id=473 EPIA-LN] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA ||  [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/mainboards/motherboards.jsp?motherboard_id=590 NAB74X0] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA ||  [http://www.via.com.tw/en/initiatives/empowered/pc2500_mainboard/index.jsp pc2500e] || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA ||  [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/mainboards/motherboards.jsp?motherboard_id=490 VB700X] || {{OK}}
|}
|}
'''Known good (with write-enable code in flashrom)'''
Total amount of boards: '''34'''
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Required option
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Acorp || 6A815EPD || -m acorp:6a815epd || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| agami || Aruma || -m AGAMI:ARUMA || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Artec Group || DBE61 || -m artecgroup:dbe61 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Artec Group || DBE62 || -m artecgroup:dbe62 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS || A7V8-MX SE || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS || P4B266 || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS || P5A || -m asus:p5a || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| BioStar || P4M80-M4 || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| EPoX || EP-8K5A2 || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| EPoX || EP-BX3 || -m epox:ep-bx3 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-2761GXDK || -m gigabyte:2761gxdk || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-7VT600 || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-K8N-SLI || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Required option
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-M57SLI-S4 || -m gigabyte:m57sli || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-M61P-S3 || -m gigabyte:m61p || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-MA78G-DS3H || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-MA78GM-S2H || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| GIGABYTE || GA-MA790FX-DQ6 || -m gigabyte:ma790fx-dq6 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| HP || DL145 G3 || -m hp:dl145_g3 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| IBM || x3455 || -m ibm:x3455 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Intel || D201GLY || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| IWILL || DK8-HTX || -m iwill:dk8_htx || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Kontron || 986LCD-M || -m kontron:986lcd-m || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Kontron || 986LCD-M || -m kontron:986lcd-m || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI || MS-7135 (K8N Neo3) || -m msi:k8n-neo3 || {{OK}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Required option
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI || MS-6702E (K8T Neo2-F) || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI || MS-6712 (KT4V) || -m msi:kt4v || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI || MS-6590 (KT4 Ultra) || -m msi:kt4ultra || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI || MS-7046 || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Tyan || S2498 (Tomcat K7M) || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA || EPIA-CN || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA || EPIA M/MII/... || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA || EPIA SP || &mdash; || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| VIA || PC3500G || -m via:pc3500g || {{OK}}
|}
|}
'''Not supported (yet)'''
Total amount of boards: '''19'''
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Abit ||  [http://www.abit.com.tw/page/en/motherboard/motherboard_detail.php?pMODEL_NAME=IS-10&fMTYPE=Socket+478 IS-10] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  M3N78 Pro || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/sock370/810/mew-am/ MEW-AM] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [http://www.elhvb.com/mboards/OEM/HP/manual/ASUS%20MEW-VM.htm MEW-VM] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/slot1/440bx/p3b-f/ P3B-F] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/socket775/P5B/ P5B] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| ASUS ||  [ftp://ftp.asus.com.tw/pub/ASUS/mb/socket775/P5B-VM/ P5BV-M] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Biostar ||  [ftp://ftp.biostar-usa.com/manuals/M6TBA/ M6TBA] || {{No}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Boser ||  [http://www.boser.com.tw/manual/HS-62376637v3.4.pdf HS-6637] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| DFI ||  855GME-MGF || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| FIC ||  [ftp://ftp.fic.com.tw/motherboard/manual/socket7/va-502/ VA-502] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI ||  MS-6178 || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| MSI ||  [http://global.msi.com.tw/index.php?func=proddesc&prod_no=255&maincat_no=1 MS-7260 (K9N Neo)] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| PCCHIPS ||  [http://motherboards.mbarron.net/models/pcchips/m537dma.htm M537DMA33] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Soyo ||  [http://www.soyo.com/content/Downloads/163/&c=80&p=464&l=English SY-5VD] || {{No}}
|}
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Mainboard
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sun ||  [http://www.sun.com/servers/x64/x4150/ Fire x4150] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sun ||  [http://www.sun.com/servers/entry/x4200/ Fire x4200] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sun ||  [http://www.sun.com/servers/x64/x4540/ Fire x4540] || {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Sun ||  [http://www.sun.com/servers/x64/x4600/ Fire x4600] || {{No}}
|}
|}
== Supported programmers ==
This is a list of supported PCI devices flashrom can use as programmer:
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Device
! align="left" | PCI IDs
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10/100 Mbps; shared 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX || 10b7:9055 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10/100 Mbps; shared 10BASE-T/100BASE-T4 || 10b7:9001 || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10BASE-T (TPO) || 10b7:9004 || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10BASE-T/10BASE2/AUI (COMBO) || 10b7:9005 || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10BASE-T/10BASE2 (TPC) || 10b7:9006 || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10BASE-FL || 10b7:900a || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C90xB: PCI 10BASE-FX || 10b7:905a || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C905B: Cyclone 10/100/BNC || 10b7:9058 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C905C: EtherLink 10/100 PCI (TX) || 10b7:9200 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| 3COM || 3C980C: EtherLink Server 10/100 PCI (TX) || 10b7:9805 || {{?2}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Silicon Image || PCI0680 Ultra ATA-133 Host Ctrl || 1095:0680 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Silicon Image || SiI 3114 [SATALink/SATARaid] SATA Ctrl || 1095:3114 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Silicon Image || SiI 3124 PCI-X SATA Ctrl || 1095:3124 || {{?}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Silicon Image || SiI 3132 SATA Raid II Ctrl || 1095:3132 || {{OK}}
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" valign="top"
| Silicon Image || SiI 3512 [SATALink/SATARaid] SATA Ctrl || 1095:3512 || {{?}}
|}
== Board notes ==
* ASI MB-5BLMP: Used in the IGEL WinNET III thin client.
* MSI MS-7260 (K9N Neo): Interestingly flashrom does not work when the vendor BIOS is booted, but it ''does'' work flawlessly when the machine is booted with coreboot.
* ASUS M2A-VM: See http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2007-September/025281.html.
* BCOM WinNET100: Used in the IGEL-316 thin client.
* ASUS A8V-E SE: See http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2007-October/026496.html.
== Supported laptops/notebooks ==
In general, flashing laptops is more difficult because
* Laptops often use the flash chip for stuff besides the BIOS.
* Laptops often have special protection stuff which has to be handled by flashrom.
* Laptops often use flash translation circuits which need extra drivers in flashrom.
<div style="margin-top:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; background-color:#ff9f9f; align:right; border:1px solid #aabbcc;">
'''IMPORTANT:''' At this point we recommend to '''not''' use flashrom on untested laptops unless you have a means to recover from a flashing that goes wrong (a working backup flash chip and/or good soldering skills).
</div>
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
'''Known-good'''
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Model
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Lenovo
| [http://www5.pc.ibm.com/europe/products.nsf/products?openagent&brand=Lenovo3000Notebook&series=Lenovo+3000+V+Series#viewallmodelstop 3000 V100 TF05Cxx]
| {{OK}}
|}
{| border="0" valign="top"
| valign="top"|
'''Known-bad'''
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller" valign="top"
|- bgcolor="#6699dd"
! align="left" | Vendor
! align="left" | Model
! align="left" | Status
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| IBM/Lenovo
| [http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:T40p Thinkpad T40p]
| {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| IBM/Lenovo
| 240
| {{No}}
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" valign="top"
| Acer
| Aspire One
| {{No}}<sup>1</sup>


|}
|}
</td><td width="20%">
<!--
[[File:Flash-BGA.jpg|center|thumb|Flash chip in BGA package.]]
<br clear=all />
-->
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:120%">[[News]]</span>'''<hr />
<small>
* '''2023-02-08:''' [[Flashrom/1.3|flashrom 1.3 released]]
* '''2022-03-08:''' flashrom participates in [[GSoC]]
* '''2020-02-16:''' [[Flashrom/1.2|flashrom 1.2 released]]
* '''2019-06-22:''' [[Flashrom/1.1|flashrom 1.1 released]]
* '''2019-03-30:''' [[Flashrom/1.0.1|flashrom 1.0.1 released]]
* '''2018-01-02:''' [[Flashrom/1.0|flashrom 1.0 released]]
* '''2016-03-13:''' [[Flashrom/0.9.9|flashrom 0.9.9 released]]
* '''2015-03-01:''' [[Flashrom/0.9.8|flashrom 0.9.8 released]]
* '''2013-08-14:''' [[Flashrom/0.9.7|flashrom 0.9.7 released]]
* '''2013-04-08:''' flashrom participates in [[GSoC]]
* '''2012-08-08:''' [[Flashrom/0.9.6|flashrom 0.9.6.1 released]]
</small>


<!--
'''<span style="font-variant:small-caps; font-size:120%">[[Current events|Upcoming Events]]</span>'''<hr />
-->
<!-- List of upcoming events (remove events after they have taken place). -->
<small>
<small>
<sup>1</sup> http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2009-May/048041.html
<!-- * '''2009/mon/day:''' coreboot event at [[Link]] in somecity -->
<!-- * '''2009/12/27:''' coreboot presentation at [http://events.ccc.de/congress/2009/ 26C3] in Berlin -->
</small>
</small>


= Download & Installation =
If you just want to browse the source code, please go to [http://code.coreboot.org/p/flashrom/source/tree/HEAD/trunk http://code.coreboot.org/p/flashrom/source/tree/HEAD/trunk].
'''Requirements:'''
* '''pciutils''' development package ('''pciutils-dev'''/'''libpci-dev'''/'''pciutils-devel''', depending on OS/distribution)
* '''zlib''' development package ('''zlib1g-dev'''/'''zlib-devel''', depending on OS/distribution)
* '''subversion''' (if you checkout the source and build manually)
'''Manual Installation From Source:'''
$ '''svn co svn://coreboot.org/flashrom/trunk flashrom'''
$ '''cd flashrom'''
$ '''make'''
$ '''sudo make install'''


'''Binary Packages:'''
</td></tr></table>
 
* '''Debian''': sudo aptitude install flashrom
* '''Fedora''': sudo yum install flashrom
* '''Gentoo''': emerge flashrom
* '''Mandriva''': urpmi flashrom
* '''openSUSE''': yast -i coreboot-utils
** For distributions older than openSUSE Factory (11.0) you find "backports" in the [http://packages.opensuse-community.org/index.jsp?searchTerm=coreboot-utils openSUSE Build Service].
* '''T2 SDE'''
** '''Installation from source:''' Emerge-Pkg flashrom
** '''Installation of binaries:''' mine -i flashrom-0.9.0.tar.bz2
* '''FreeBSD''': cd /usr/ports/sysutils/flashrom && make install clean
* '''Windows''': There is a Windows port of the flashrom utility. Download the latest version: [http://google-summer-of-code-2007-coresystems.googlecode.com/files/DarmawanMappatutu_Salihun.tar.gz DarmawanMappatutu_Salihun.tar.gz].
 
= Usage =
 
Please see the '''flashrom(8)''' manpage.
 
= Fully testing flashrom chip/southbridge/mainboard support =
 
See [[Board Testing HOWTO#Flashrom|this page]] for instructions on how to test flashrom properly (this may be risky, make sure you have a working backup flash chip).
 
= Flashrom Live CD =
 
[[Flashrom Live CD]]
 
= Flash chip overview =
 
Modern mainboards store the BIOS in a reprogrammable flash chip. There are hundreds of different flash (EEPROM) chips, with variables such as memory size, speed, communication bus (Parallel, LPC, FWH, SPI) and packaging to name just a few.
 
== Packaging/housing/form factor ==
 
Probably the only property of flash chips which is completely irrelevant to flashrom. The three most common packages are called '''DIP''', '''PLCC''' and '''TSOP'''. The BIOS copyright holders often place a fancy sticker on the BIOS chip showing a name or logo, BIOS version, serial number and copyright notice.
 
'''DIP32: Dual In-line Package, 32 pins'''
 
<gallery>
File:Dip32 chip.jpg
File:Dip32 chip back.jpg
File:Dip32 in socket.jpg
File:Empty dip32 socket.jpg
</gallery>
 
A rectangular black plastic block with 16 pins along each of the two longer sides of the package (32 pins in total). DIP32 chips can be '''socketed''' which means they are detachable from the mainboard using physical force. Since they haven't been moved in and out of the socket very much (yet, hehe) they can appear to be quite difficult to release from the socket. One way to remove a DIP32 chip from a socket is by prying a '''thin screwdriver''' in between the plastic package and the socket, along the shorter sides where there are no pins, and then gently bending the screwdriver to push the chip upwards, away from the mainboard. Alternate between the two sides to avoid bending the pins, and don't touch any of the pins with the screwdriver (see FAQ about ESD, electro-static discharge). If the chip is soldered directly to the mainboard, it has to be desoldered in order to be reprogrammed outside the mainboard. If you do this, it's a good idea to solder a socket to the mainboard instead, to ease any future experiments.
 
'''PLCC32: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier, 32 pins'''
 
<gallery>
File:Plcc32 chip.jpg
File:Plcc32 chip back.jpg
File:Plcc32 in socket.jpg
File:Empty plcc32 socket.jpg
File:Soldered plcc32.jpg
File:Dual_plcc32_soldered.jpg
</gallery>
 
Black plastic block again, but this one is much more square. PLCC32 was becoming the standard for mainboards after DIP32 chips because of it's smaller physical size. PLCC can also be '''socketed''' or '''soldered directly to the mainboard'''. Socketed PLCC32 chips can be removed using a special '''PLCC removal tool'''', or using a '''piece of nylon line''' tied in a loop around the chip and pulled swiftly straight up, or bending/prying using small screwdrivers if one is careful. PLCC32 sockets are often fragile so the '''screwdriver approach is not recommended'''. While the nylon line method sounds strange it works well. Desoldering PLCC32 can be painful without specialized desoldering equipment particularly because PLCC32 chips have leads on all four sides of the package, but it's [[Soldering a socket on your board|certainly doable]].
 
'''DIP8: Dual In-line Package, 8 pins'''
 
<gallery>
File:Dip8 chip.jpg
File:Dip8 chip back.jpg
File:Dip8 in socket.jpg
File:Empty dip8 socket.jpg
</gallery>
 
'''SO8/SOIC8: Small-Outline Integrated Circuit, 8 pins'''
 
<gallery>
File:Soic8_chip.jpg
File:Spi-socket-dscn2913-1024x768.jpg
</gallery>
 
'''TSOP: Thin Small-Outline Package'''
 
<gallery>
File:Soldered tsop40.jpg
File:Soldered tsop48.jpg
</gallery>
 
TSOPs are often used in embedded systems where size is important and there is no need for replacement in the field. It is possible to (de)solder TSOPs by hand, but it's not trivial and a reasonable amount of soldering skills are required.
 
== Communication bus protocol ==
 
There are four major communication bus protocols for flash chips, each with multiple subtle variants in the command set:
 
* '''Parallel:''' The oldest flash bus, phased out on mainboards around 2002.
* '''LPC:''' Low Pin Count, a standard introduced ca. 1998.
* '''FWH:''' Firmware Hub, a variant of the LPC standard introduced at the same time. FWH is a special case variant of LPC with one bit set differently in the memory read/write commands. That means some data sheets mention the chips speak LPC although they will not respond to regular LPC read/write cycles.
* '''SPI:''' Serial Peripheral Interface, introduced ca. 2006.
 
Here's an attempt to create a marketing language -> chip type mapping:
 
* JEDEC Flash -> Parallel (well, mostly)
* FWH -> FWH
* Firmware Hub -> FWH
* LPC Firmware -> FWH
* Firmware Memory -> FWH
* Low Pin Count (if Firmware/FWH is not mentioned) -> LPC
* LPC (if Firmware is not mentioned) -> LPC
* Serial Flash -> SPI
 
SST data sheets have the following conventions:
 
* LPC Memory Read -> LPC
* Firmware Memory Read -> FWH
 
If both are mentioned, the chip supports both.
 
If you're not sure about whether a device is LPC or FWH, look at the read/write cycle definitions.
 
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller"
|- bgcolor="#6699ff"
|+ '''FWH'''
!Clock Cycle !! Field Name !! Field contents !! Comments
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 1 || START || 1101/1110 || 1101 for READ, 1110 for WRITE.
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 2 || IDSEL || 0000 to 1111 || IDSEL value to be shifted out to the chip.
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 3-9 || IMADDR || YYYY || The address to be read/written. 7 cycles total == 28 bits.
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 10+ || ... || ... || ...
|}
 
{| border="0" style="font-size: smaller"
|- bgcolor="#6699ff"
|+ '''LPC'''
!Clock Cycle !! Field Name !! Field contents !! Comments
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 1 || START || 0000 || ...
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 2 || CYCLETYPE+DIRECTION || 010X/011X || 010X for READ, 011X for WRITE. X means "reserved".
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 3-10 || ADDRESS || YYYY || The address to be read/written. 8 cycles total == 32 bits.
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 11+ || ... || ... || ...
|}


Generally, a parallel flash chip will not speak any other protocols. SPI flash chips also don't speak any other protocols. LPC flash chips sometimes speak FWH as well and vice versa, but they will not speak any protocols besides LPC/FWH.
__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__

Latest revision as of 22:05, 22 February 2023

flashrom is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips. It is designed to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware/optionROM images on mainboards, network/graphics/storage controller cards, and various other programmer devices.

  • Supports more than 476 flash chips, 291 chipsets, 500 mainboards, 79 PCI devices, 17 USB devices and various parallel/serial port-based programmers.
  • Supports parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI flash interfaces and various chip packages (DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40, TSOP48, BGA and more)
  • No physical access needed, root access is sufficient (not needed for some programmers).
  • No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed.
  • No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH.
  • No instant reboot needed. Reflash your chip in a running system, verify it, be happy. The new firmware will be present next time you boot.
  • Crossflashing and hotflashing is possible as long as the flash chips are electrically and logically compatible (same protocol). Great for recovery.
  • Scriptability. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes.
  • Speed. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools.
  • Portability. Supports DOS, Linux, FreeBSD (including Debian/kFreeBSD), NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFlyBSD, anything Solaris-like, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes as well as GNU Hurd. Partial Windows support is available (no internal programmer support at the moment, hence no "BIOS flashing").

Emergency help

IMPORTANT: If something went wrong during flashing, do NOT turn off/reboot your computer. Instead, let us help you recover. We can be contacted via IRC (#flashrom on libera.chat, webchat) or email. Please allow for a few hours until someone responds on IRC, we're all volunteers.

X

About
Find out more about flashrom.
News | Press | Testimonials | History | Friendliness | Follow us on Twitter | Open Hub statistics

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Get involved! Help us make flashrom better.
Development Guidelines | Browse Source | Pending patches | Technology | Random notes | Easy projects | Board Testing HOWTO | Board Enable | Meeting notes | Windows | libflashrom | [Google Summer of Code]

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Download flashrom and get started.
Latest release | Supported hardware | Downloads | Documentation | Live CD | qflashrom

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Learn how to contact us and find help and support.
FAQ | Contact | Donations
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