Flashrom

flashrom is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash chips. It's often used to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware images.

Highlights of flashrom include:

• Supports parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI flash interfaces.
• Supports more than 150 flash chip families and half a dozen variants of each family.
• Flash chip package agnostic. DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40 and more have all been verified to work.
• Supports more than 75 different chipsets, some with multiple flash controllers.
• Features special mainboard enabling code for dozens of nonstandard mainboards.
• No physical access needed, root access is sufficient.
• No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed.
• No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH.
• No instant reboot needed. Reflash your chip in a running system, verify it, be happy. The new firmware will be present next time you boot.
• Crossflashing and hotflashing is possible as long as the flash chips are electrically and logically compatible (same protocol). Great for recovery.
• Scriptability. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes.
• Speed. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools.
• Supports Linux, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes.

Supported devices

Supported chips

Vendor Flash part Status   Probe Read Write Erase AMD Am29F002(N)BB ? ? ? ? AMD Am29F002(N)BT OK OK OK OK AMD Am29F016D ? ? ? ? AMD Am29F040B OK OK OK OK AMD Am29F080B ? ? ? ? AMD Am29LV040B ? ? ? ? AMD Am29LV081B ? ? ? ? ASD AE49F2008 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF021 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF041A ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF081 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF161 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF321 OK OK OK OK Atmel AT25DF321A ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25DF641 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25F512B ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25FS010 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT25FS040 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT26DF041 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT26DF081A ? ? ? ? Atmel AT26DF161 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT26DF161A ? ? ? ? Atmel AT26F004 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT29C020 OK OK OK OK Atmel AT29C040A ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45CS1282 ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB011D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB021D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB041D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB081D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB161D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB321C ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB321D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT45DB642D ? ? ? ? Atmel AT49F002(N) ? ? ? ? Atmel AT49F002(N)T OK OK OK OK AMIC A25L40P OK OK OK OK AMIC A29002B ? ? ? ? AMIC A29002T OK OK OK OK AMIC A29040B OK OK ? ? AMIC A49LF040A OK OK OK OK EMST F49B002UA ? ? ? ? EON EN29F002(A)(N)B ? ? ? ? EON EN29F002(A)(N)T OK OK OK OK Fujitsu MBM29F004BC ? ? ? ? Fujitsu MBM29F004TC ? ? ? ? Fujitsu MBM29F400BC ? ? ? ? Fujitsu MBM29F400TC ? ? ? ? Intel 82802AB OK OK OK OK Intel 82802AC OK OK OK OK Macronix MX25L512 ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L1005 ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L2005 ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L4005 OK OK OK OK Macronix MX25L8005 OK OK OK OK Macronix MX25L1605 OK OK OK OK

Vendor Flash part Status   Probe Read Write Erase Macronix MX25L1635D ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L3205 OK OK OK OK Macronix MX25L3235D ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L6405 ? ? ? ? Macronix MX25L12805 ? ? ? ? Macronix MX29F002B ? ? ? ? Macronix MX29F002T ? ? ? ? Macronix MX29LV040C OK OK ? ? Numonyx M25PE10 ? ? ? ? Numonyx M25PE20 ? ? ? ? Numonyx M25PE40 ? ? ? ? Numonyx M25PE80 OK OK OK OK Numonyx M25PE16 ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV010 ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV016B ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV020 ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV040 ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV080B ? ? ? ? PMC Pm25LV512 ? ? ? ? PMC Pm49FL002 OK OK OK OK PMC Pm49FL004 OK OK OK OK Sharp LHF00L04 ? ? ? ? Spansion S25FL016A OK OK OK OK SST SST25VF016B OK OK OK OK SST SST25VF032B OK OK OK OK SST SST25VF040B ? ? ? ? SST SST25VF040.REMS OK OK ? ? SST SST25VF040B.REMS OK OK ? ? SST SST25VF080B OK OK OK OK SST SST28SF040A ? ? ? ? SST SST29EE010 OK OK OK OK SST SST29LE010 ? ? ? ? SST SST29EE020A OK OK OK OK SST SST29LE020 ? ? ? ? SST SST39SF010A OK OK OK OK SST SST39SF020A OK OK OK OK SST SST39SF040 OK OK OK OK SST SST39VF512 ? ? ? ? SST SST39VF010 ? ? ? ? SST SST39VF020 OK OK OK OK SST SST39VF040 OK ? ? ? SST SST39VF080 ? ? ? ? SST SST49LF002A/B OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF003A/B ? ? ? ? SST SST49LF004A/B OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF004C ? ? ? ? SST SST49LF008A OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF008C ? ? ? ? SST SST49LF016C OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF020 OK OK ? ? SST SST49LF020A ? ? ? ? SST SST49LF040 OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF040B OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF080A OK OK OK OK SST SST49LF160C OK OK OK OK

Vendor Flash part Status   Probe Read Write Erase ST M25P05-A ? ? ? ? ST M25P10-A ? ? ? ? ST M25P20 ? ? ? ? ST M25P40 ? ? ? ? ST M25P40-old ? ? ? ? ST M25P80 ? ? ? ? ST M25P16 OK OK OK OK ST M25P32 OK OK OK OK ST M25P64 ? ? ? ? ST M25P128 ? ? ? ? ST M29F002B ? ? ? ? ST M29F002T/NT OK OK OK OK ST M29F040B OK OK OK OK ST M29F400BT ? ? ? ? ST M29W010B ? ? ? ? ST M29W040B ? ? ? ? ST M50FLW040A ? ? ? ? ST M50FLW040B ? ? ? ? ST M50FLW080A OK OK OK OK ST M50FLW080B ? ? ? ? ST M50FW002 ? ? ? ? ST M50FW016 ? ? ? ? ST M50FW040 OK OK OK OK ST M50FW080 OK OK OK OK ST M50LPW116 ? ? ? ? SyncMOS S29C31004T ? ? ? ? SyncMOS S29C51001T ? ? ? ? SyncMOS S29C51002T OK OK OK OK SyncMOS S29C51004T ? ? ? ? Winbond W25x10 ? ? ? ? Winbond W25x20 ? ? ? ? Winbond W25x40 OK OK OK OK Winbond W25x80 OK OK OK OK Winbond W29C011 OK OK OK OK Winbond W29C020C OK OK OK OK Winbond W29C040P ? ? ? ? Winbond W29EE011 OK OK OK OK Winbond W39V040A ? ? ? ? Winbond W39V040B OK OK OK OK Winbond W39V040C OK OK OK OK Winbond W39V040FA OK OK OK OK Winbond W39V080A OK OK OK OK Winbond W49F002U OK OK OK OK Winbond W49V002A OK OK OK OK Winbond W49V002FA ? ? ? ? Winbond W39V080FA OK OK OK OK Winbond W39V080FA (dual mode) ? ? ? ? Atmel unknown Atmel SPI chip ? ? ? ? EON unknown EON SPI chip ? ? ? ? Macronix unknown Macronix SPI chip ? ? ? ? PMC unknown PMC SPI chip ? ? ? ? SST unknown SST SPI chip ? ? ? ? ST unknown ST SPI chip ? ? ? ?

Supported chipsets

Vendor Southbridge Status ALi M1533 OK AMD AMD-768 OK AMD AMD8111 OK AMD CS5530(A) OK AMD CS5536 OK AMD Elan SC520 OK AMD SB600 OK AMD SB700 OK AMD SC1100 ? ATI SB400 OK Broadcom HT-1000 OK Intel 440MX OK Intel 6300ESB OK Intel 631xESB/632xESB/3100 OK Intel EP80579 OK Intel ICH0 OK Intel ICH10 OK Intel ICH10D OK Intel ICH10DO OK Intel ICH10R OK Intel ICH2 OK Intel ICH2-M OK Intel ICH3-M OK Intel ICH3-S OK Intel ICH4/ICH4-L OK Intel ICH4-M OK Intel ICH5/ICH5R OK

Vendor Southbridge Status Intel ICH6/ICH6R OK Intel ICH6-M OK Intel ICH7DH OK Intel ICH7/ICH7R OK Intel ICH7M OK Intel ICH7MDH OK Intel ICH OK Intel ICH8DH OK Intel ICH8DO OK Intel ICH8/ICH8R OK Intel ICH8M OK Intel ICH8M-E OK Intel ICH9 OK Intel ICH9DH OK Intel ICH9DO OK Intel ICH9M OK Intel ICH9M-E OK Intel ICH9R OK Intel MPIIX ? Intel PIIX3 OK Intel PIIX4/4E/4M OK Intel PIIX OK NVIDIA CK804 OK NVIDIA CK804 OK NVIDIA CK804 OK NVIDIA MCP51 ?

Vendor Southbridge Status NVIDIA MCP51 ? NVIDIA MCP51 ? NVIDIA MCP51 ? NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP55 OK NVIDIA MCP67 OK SiS SiS5595 OK SiS SiS630 ? VIA CX700 OK VIA VT8231 ? VIA VT8235 OK VIA VT8237 OK VIA VT8237A OK VIA VT8237S OK VIA VT82C586A/B OK VIA VT82C686A/B ?

Supported mainboards

In general, it is very likely that flashrom works out of the box even if your mainboard is not listed below.

This is a list of mainboards where we have verified that they either do or do not need any special initialization to make flashrom work (given flashrom supports the respective chipset and flash chip), or that they do not yet work at all. If they do not work, support may or may not be added later.

Mainboards which don't appear in the list may or may not work (we don't know, someone has to give it a try). Please report any further verified mainboards on the mailing list.

Known good (worked out of the box)

Vendor Mainboard Status Abit AX8 OK Advantech PCM-5820 OK ASI MB-5BLMP OK ASUS A8N-E OK ASUS A8NE-FM/S OK ASUS A8N-SLI Premium OK ASUS A8V-E Deluxe OK ASUS M2A-VM OK ASUS M2N-E OK ASUS P2B OK ASUS P2B-F OK ASUS P2B-D OK ASUS P2B-DS OK ASUS A7V400-MX OK ASUS A7V8X-MX OK ASUS P4B266 OK ASUS A8V-E SE OK ASUS P2L97-S OK ASUS M2A-MX OK A-Trend ATC-6220 OK BCOM WinNET100 OK GIGABYTE GA-6BXC OK

Vendor Mainboard Status GIGABYTE GA-6BXDU OK MSI KT4V OK MSI MS-7046 OK MSI MS-7065 OK MSI MS-7236 (945PL Neo3) OK NEC PowerMate 2000 OK PC Engines Alix.1c OK PC Engines Alix.2c2 OK PC Engines Alix.2c3 OK PC Engines Alix.3c3 OK RCA RM4100 OK Sun Blade x6250 OK Thomson IP1000 OK T-Online S-100 OK Tyan S1846 OK Tyan S2498 (Tomcat K7M) OK Tyan S2881 OK Tyan S2882 OK Tyan S2882-D OK Tyan S3095 OK Tyan S5180 OK

Vendor Mainboard Status Tyan S5191 OK Tyan S5197 OK Tyan S5211 OK Tyan S5211-1U OK Tyan S5220 OK Tyan S5375 OK Tyan iS5375-1U OK Tyan S5376G2NR/S5376WAG2NR OK Tyan S5377 OK Tyan S5397 OK VIA EPIA-M OK VIA EPIA-MII OK VIA EPIA-CN OK VIA EPIA-LN OK VIA VB700X OK VIA NAB74X0 OK VIA pc2500e OK

Known good (with write-enable code in flashrom)

Vendor Mainboard Required option Status Acorp 6A815EPD -m acorp:6a815epd OK agami Aruma -m AGAMI:ARUMA OK Artec Group DBE61 -m artecgroup:dbe61 OK Artec Group DBE62 -m artecgroup:dbe62 OK ASUS A7V8-MX SE — OK ASUS P4B266 — OK ASUS P5A -m asus:p5a OK BioStar P4M80-M4 — OK EPoX EP-BX3 -m epox:ep-bx3 OK GIGABYTE GA-2761GXDK -m gigabyte:2761gxdk OK GIGABYTE GA-7VT600 — OK GIGABYTE GA-M57SLI-S4 -m gigabyte:m57sli OK GIGABYTE GA-M61P-S3 -m gigabyte:m61p OK GIGABYTE GA-MA78G-DS3H — OK GIGABYTE GA-MA790FX-DQ6 -m gigabyte:ma790fx-dq6 OK HP DL145 G3 -m hp:dl145_g3 OK IBM x3455 -m ibm:x3455 OK

Vendor Mainboard Required option Status Intel D201GLY — OK IWILL DK8-HTX -m iwill:dk8_htx OK Kontron 986LCD-M -m kontron:986lcd-m OK Kontron 986LCD-M -m kontron:986lcd-m OK MSI K8N Neo3 -m msi:k8n-neo3 OK MSI K8T Neo2 — OK MSI KT4V -m msi:kt4v OK MSI MS-7046 — OK Tyan Tomcat K7M — OK VIA EPIA-CN — OK VIA EPIA M/MII/... — OK VIA EPIA SP — OK VIA PC3500G -m via:pc3500g OK

Not supported (yet)

Vendor Mainboard Status ASUS A7N8X-E Deluxe No ASUS MEW-AM No ASUS MEW-VM No ASUS P3B-F No Biostar M6TBA No FIC VA-502 No MSI MS-7260 (K9N Neo) No PCCHIPS M537DMA33 No Soyo SY-5VD No Sun Fire x4540 No Sun Fire x4150 No Sun Fire x4200 No Sun Fire x4600 No

Board notes

• ASI MB-5BLMP: Used in the IGEL WinNET III thin client.
• MSI MS-7260 (K9N Neo): Interestingly flashrom does not work when the vendor BIOS is booted, but it does work flawlessly when the machine is booted with coreboot.
• ASUS M2A-VM: See http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2007-September/025281.html.
• BCOM WinNET100: Used in the IGEL-316 thin client.
• ASUS A8V-E SE: See http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2007-October/026496.html.

Supported laptops/notebooks

In general, flashing laptops is more difficult because

• Laptops often use the flash chip for stuff besides the BIOS.
• Laptops often have special protection stuff which has to be handled by flashrom.
• Laptops often use flash translation circuits which need extra drivers in flashrom.

At this point we recommend to not use flashrom on untested laptops unless you have a means to recover from a flashing that goes wrong (a working backup flash chip and/or good soldering skills).

Known-good Vendor Model Status Lenovo 3000 V100 TF05Cxx OK Known-bad Vendor Model Status IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad T40p No Installation Requirements Flashrom requires the pciutils and zlib and the respective development packages in order to be built. In addition, the subversion package is required to download it. In Debian unstable these development packages are called pciutils-dev/libpci-dev, zlib1g-dev, and subversion. Most other distributions call them pciutils-devel, zlib-devel, and subversion. Manual Installation $ svn co svn://coreboot.org/flashrom/trunk flashrom $ cd flashrom $ make $ sudo make install Debian $ sudo aptitude install flashrom Fedora $ sudo yum install flashrom Gentoo $ emerge flashrom Mandriva $ urpmi flashrom openSUSE $ yast -i coreboot-utils For distributions older than openSUSE Factory (11.0) you find "backports" in the openSUSE Build Service. T2 SDE Installation from source: $ Emerge-Pkg flashrom Installation of binaries: $ mine -i flashrom-0.9.0.tar.bz2 Windows There is a Windows port of the flashrom utility. Download the latest version at http://google-summer-of-code-2007-coresystems.googlecode.com/files/DarmawanMappatutu_Salihun.tar.gz Usage Detect whether flashrom knows about your chipset/mainboard/BIOS chip: $ flashrom Read the current BIOS image into a file: $ flashrom -r backup.bin Depening on the chip driver, you may have to erase the chip before writing: $ flashrom -E Write a BIOS image (proprietary or coreboot) on the flash chip: $ flashrom -wv newbios.bin WARNING: This will overwrite your current BIOS! Make sure you know what you're doing! For more documentation please see the flashrom README or the man page. Fully testing flashrom chip/southbridge/mainboard support See this page for instructions on how to test flashrom properly (this may be risky, make sure you have a working backup flash chip). Flashrom Live CD Flashrom Live CD Flash chip overview Modern mainboards store the BIOS in a reprogrammable flash chip. There are hundreds of different flash (EEPROM) chips, with variables such as memory size, speed, communication bus (LPC vs. ISA/PCI) and packaging to name just a few. The three most common packages are called DIP, PLCC and TSOP. The BIOS copyright holders often place a fancy sticker on the BIOS chip showing a name or logotype, BIOS version, serial number and copyright notice. DIP32: Dual In-line Package, 32 pins A rectangular black plastic block with lots of pins along the two longer sides of the package. DIP chips can be socketed which means they are detachable from the mainboard using physical force. Since they haven't been moved in and out of the socket very much (yet, hehe) they can appear to be quite difficult to release from the socket. One way to remove a DIP from a socket is by prying a thin screwdriver in between the plastic package and the socket, along the shorter sides where there are no pins, and then gently bending the screwdriver to push the DIP upwards, away from the mainboard. Alternate between the two sides to avoid bending the pins, and don't touch any of the pins with the screwdriver, see FAQ about ESD, electro-static discharge. If the DIP is soldered directly to the mainboard, it has to be desoldered in order to be reprogrammed outside the mainboard. If you do this, it's a good idea to solder a socket to the mainboard instead, to ease any future experiments. PLCC32: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier, 32 pins Black plastic block again, but this one is much more square. PLCC is becoming the standard for mainboards because of it's smaller physical size. PLCC can also be socketed or soldered directly to the mainboard. Socketed PLCC chips can be removed using a special PLCC removal tool, or using a piece of nylon line tied in a loop around the chip and pulled swiftly straight up, or bending/prying using small screwdrivers if one is careful. PLCC sockets are often fragile so the screwdriver approach is not recommended. While the nylon line method sounds onorthodox it works well. Desoldering PLCC can be painful without specialized desoldering equipment particularly because PLCC chips have leads on all four sides of the package. DIP8: Dual In-line Package, 8 pins SOIC8: Small-Outline Integrated Circuit, 8 pins TSOP: Thin Small-Outline Package TSOPs are often used in embedded systems where size is important and there is no need for replacement in the field. It is possible to (de)solder TSOPs by hand, but it comes close to wizardry.